Contracts Blog by Daniel J. Solove

PRIVACY + SECURITY BLOG

News, Developments, and Insights

Murky Consent: An Approach to the Fictions of Consent in Privacy Law

Posted on January 22, 2023 (February 1, 2024) by Daniel Solove

I posted a draft of my new article, Murky Consent: An Approach to the Fictions of Consent in Privacy Law. It is just a draft, and I welcome feedback. You can download it for free here: Here’s the abstract: Consent plays a profound role in nearly all privacy laws. As Professor Heidi Hurd aptly said, consent […]

img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--blue:#007bff;--wp--preset--color--indigo:#6610f2;--wp--preset--color--purple:#53f;--wp--preset--color--pink:#e83e8c;--wp--preset--color--red:#dc3545;--wp--preset--color--orange:#fd7e14;--wp--preset--color--yellow:#ffc107;--wp--preset--color--green:#28a745;--wp--preset--color--teal:#20c997;--wp--preset--color--cyan:#17a2b8;--wp--preset--color--gray:#6c757d;--wp--preset--color--gray-dark:#343a40;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900 0%,#ff6900 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px #fff,6px 6px #000;--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px #000}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin:0}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.woocommerce form .form-row .required{visibility:visible}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{transition:all 30ms ease-in-out}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{padding:10px 20px;font-size:13px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option:not(.vi-wpvs-option-select){border-radius:inherit}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{width:48px;height:48px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:46px;height:46px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:46px;height:46px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:46px;height:46px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(30,115,190,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(30,115,190,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{color:rgba(255,255,255,1);background:rgba(30,115,190,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{color:rgba(255,255,255,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,1);background:rgba(30,115,190,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{color:rgba(255,255,255,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ccc inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ccc}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{color:rgba(33,33,33,1);background:#fff}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{color:rgba(33,33,33,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-tooltip{display:none}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{font-size:9px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{width:36px !important;height:36px !important}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:34px;height:34px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:34px;height:34px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:34px;height:34px}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{font-size:11px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{width:40.8px;height:40.8px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:32.68px;height:32.68px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:32.68px;height:32.68px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_button_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:32.68px;height:32.68px}}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{transition:all 30ms ease-in-out}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:32px;width:32px;padding:2px;font-size:13px;border-radius:20px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option:not(.vi-wpvs-option-select){border-radius:inherit}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:30px;height:30px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:30px;height:30px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{background:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:20px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);border-radius:20px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0px 4px 2px -2px rgba(238,238,238,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0px 4px 2px -2px rgba(238,238,238,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{background:rgba(0,0,0,0);border-radius:20px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-tooltip{display:none}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:27px;width:27px;font-size:11px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-slider.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:27.2px !important;width:27.2px !important}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:25.2px;height:25.2px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:25.2px;height:25.2px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{border-radius:17px}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{width:27px;height:27px;font-size:11px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:25.2px;height:25.2px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:25.2px;height:25.2px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_color_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{border-radius:17px}}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{transition:all 30ms ease-in-out}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:50px;width:50px;padding:3px;font-size:13px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option:not(.vi-wpvs-option-select){border-radius:inherit}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:48px;height:48px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:48px;height:48px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:48px;height:48px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(33,33,33,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(238,238,238,1) inset}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-select-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(238,238,238,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default{background:rgba(255,255,255,1)}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap .vi-wpvs-option-tooltip{display:none}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:37px;width:37px;font-size:9px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-slider.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{height:37.5px !important;width:37.5px !important}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:35.5px;height:35.5px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:35.5px;height:35.5px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-loop.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:35.5px;height:35.5px}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-variation-button-select,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap{width:42px;height:42px;font-size:11px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-default .vi-wpvs-option{width:40.5px;height:40.5px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-hover .vi-wpvs-option{width:40.5px;height:40.5px}.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-image.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-variation_img.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option,.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-color.vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-vi_wpvs_image_design .vi-wpvs-option-wrap.vi-wpvs-option-wrap-selected .vi-wpvs-option{width:40.5px;height:40.5px}}.vi_wpvs_variation_form:not(.vi_wpvs_loop_variation_form) .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-wrap,.vi_wpvs_variation_form:not(.vi_wpvs_loop_variation_form) .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap-wrap .vi-wpvs-variation-wrap{justify-content:flex-start;text-align:left}@media (max-width:370px){.red{display:none}.front-image{display:none}.red-page picture{display:none}.red-page img{display:none}h1.home-title{color:#000 !important}h2.home-subtitle{color:#000 !important}.custom-background-content{color:#000}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=\'https://www.w3.org/2000/svg\' width=\'30\' height=\'30\' viewBox=\'0 0 30 30\'%3e%3cpath stroke=\'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)\' stroke-linecap=\'round\' stroke-miterlimit=\'10\' stroke-width=\'2\' d=\'M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22\'/%3e%3c/svg%3e")}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler-icon.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}}#add_payment_method .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th,.woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th,.woocommerce-checkout .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table th{width:35%}@media (max-width: 811px){.hidden-break{display:none !important}}a.homepage-links{color:inherit}span.subscription-details{display:none}@media (max-width: 500px){.author-box{height:150px}}@media (max-width: 500px){.entry-content p{line-height:2}}@media (max-width: 500px){footer.entry-footer{line-height:2}}@media (min-width: 414px) and (max-width: 813px){.wrapper{margin-top:25%;padding:30px 0 0}}.red-page img{height:50vh}@media (max-width: 400px){form.woocommerce-product-search{display:flex;margin:0 auto;width:100%;padding:0px;margin-bottom:50px;top:30px;position:relative}}@media (min-width: 500px){.woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation{width:20%}}@media (max-width: 499px){.woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation{width:100%}.woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-content{display:inline-block;float:left;margin-left:0%;width:100%}}@media (max-width: 500px){.author-box{height:225px}}@media (max-width: 500px){span.twitter-icon img{float:left;margin-top:3px;width:25px}}@media (min-width: 996px){.contact-us .nav-link{padding-top:3.5px !important;padding-bottom:9.5px !important;padding-right:10px !important;padding-left:10px !important;background:#1e73be;position:relative;top:45px}}.is-menu path.search-icon-path{fill:#fff}body .popup-search-close:after,body .search-close:after{border-color:#fff}body .popup-search-close:before,body .search-close:before{border-color:#fff}.red-page{background:rgba(43,55,60,.5);max-height:440px;z-index:-1}